makes me want to vomit, and what they say. Heres a summary of one:
this is about the effect of mass media on people
As in Jerry Manders work (see below), atomised individuals of mass society lose their souls to the phantom delights of the film, the soap opera, and the variety show. They fall into a stupor; an apathetic hypnosis Lazarsfeld was to call the ‘narcotizing dysfunction’ of exposure to mass media. Individuals become ‘irrational victims of false wants’ - the wants which corporations have thrust upon them, and continue to thrust upon them, through both the advertising in the media (with its continual exhortation to consume) and through the individualist consumption culture it promulgates. Marcuse describes this as a process where addiction to media leads to absolute docility, and the public becomes ‘enchanted and transformed into a clientele by the suppliers of popular culture.’ People claims that “Glamour in politics, the packaging of the leader, the treatment of events by the mass media, substitutes for the self-interest of the inner directed man the abandonment to society of the outer directed man.” In other words, the creation of the public sphere implies a fundamental change in social relations and individuals’ ability to model their self-image on some projected normality.
Thus, according to the Frankfurt School, leasure has been industrialised. The production of culture had become standardised and dominated by the profit motive as in other industries. In a mass society leisure is constantly used to induce the appropriate values and motives in the public. The modern media train the young for consumption. ‘Leisure had ceased to be the opposite of work, and had become a preparation for it.’ Marcuse points out the ‘Bach in the kitchen’ phenomenon: the fact that modern methods of reproduction have increased the quantity of music, art, and literature available to the public does not mean that culture spreads to the masses; rather that culture is destroyed in order to make entertainment. ‘At its worst mass culture threatens not merely to cretinise our taste,’ argues Rosenberg, ‘but to brutalise our senses while paving the way to totalitarianism.’ Lazarsfeld and Merton put the case succinctly: ‘Economic power seems to have reduced direct exploitation and to have turned to a subtler type of psychological exploitation,’ they wrote of the US in the 50s. Overt totalitarian force was increasingly obsolescent. Radio, film and television seemed even more effective than terror in producing compliance.



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